Well - I can't really answer your question fully - not in terms of answring it for everyone.
The thing is - each teaching master here (teaching masters are knights and above as against a fully ranked 'Master') has their own particular way of doing things and 'teaching' _style_s.
Now some will 'teach' like a ummm a teacher - ie they will provide the materials and then set 'questions' etc - others are more 'guides' (which I think or at least to use as my _style_).
In all instances though - it is hoped at least, that the teaching master will gain as much from the relationship as the apprentice. So in a way there is an element of 'companionship' and in others a more 'student/master' - are we not all 'companions' on the same journey ? - its just some have had a few steps more than others.
In terms of 'masterless' jedi - well, that depends on which stage your talking about - we obviously have the initiates stage - whereby folk complete various exercises to become eligible for apprenticeship. So assuming you mean those who have completed the initiates work (the thumb twiddlers

) there is no 'set' work or such - but why do they need to be 'told' what to do - isnt there plenty of learning to be done of ones own accord? this site alone has a lot of articles, books etc to be read, listened too etc let alone what the rest of the world has to offer.
As to 'helping the temple' - believe it or not - completing the initiates classes etc is a massive help - working towards becoming an apprentice, and being an apprentice - becoming a knight is ALL very very helpful.
Ive said this before and usually get a heap of private messages along the lines of 'WTF? How can doing this be of help?'
So here is my little analogy - think of every 'knight' (or at least teaching master) as being a bacteria - a germ - whatever, or even a simple pyramid scheme.
Think of training an apprentice to knighthood as cell division - each knight produces another - so one becomes two.
Now those two each train another apprentice each - two become four - so on n so forth
in a while - you have a lot of knights - so ok not all will make it or stay but likewise - a knight will usually train more than one apprentice in their lives and often have more than one apprentice at any given time.
So you want to help? - become a knight - honestly - its actually that easy.
MTFBWY - A